甘肃陇东地区的南石窟和北石窟开凿时间之前研究多是以历史文献为依据。通过对南、北石窟现场进行深入勘察,发现南石窟在地质、设计、施工等多方面存在严重缺陷,而北石窟则在选址、施工等方面更为完善。综合考虑南石窟开凿在先,因地质结构、施工工序、组织管理方面经验不足而造成诸多无法弥补的工程缺陷,功德主进而选择更好的位置开凿一个新洞窟,故北石窟开凿应晚于南石窟。

Previous studies on the construction chronology of the South and the North grotto temples in Longdong, Gansu, have primarily relied on historical documents. Through an in-depth on-site investigation of both grottoes, this study reveals that the South Grotto Temple exhibits significant flaws in geological conditions, design, and construction techniques. In contrast, the North Grotto Temple demonstrates more meticulous site selection and superior engineering execution. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the South Grotto Temple was excavated first. However, due to insufficient experience in construction procedures and project management, irreparable engineering defects emerged. Consequently, the patron opted to carve a new grotto at a more favorable location, leading to the later construction of the North Grotto Temple.