潮湿多雨的环境特征造成的石窟区“水害”成为威胁川渝石窟寺长期保存的重要问题。结合历史文献和崖面遗迹，系统梳理川渝地区石窟历代建造或修缮过程中所采取的传统治水措施，发现其已形成一套科学、系统的“水害”应对体系。研究表明，传统治水智慧的核心在于“依崖就势”的统筹规划与“多措并举”的组合应用。具体措施主要分为三类 ：一是“阻隔”，通过修建保护性窟檐建筑、巧妙设计龛窟顶部形制及开凿内部涵洞等方式，物理隔绝水流对造像的直接冲刷 ；二是“导排”，在龛窟内外崖面、地面科学开凿截水沟、导水槽与排水暗渠，引导和排出无法阻隔的地表径流与渗流水 ；三是“巧用”，将部分难以根治的渗水点与造像内容（如“九龙浴太子”）或生活设施（水井）相结合，化害为景、为用。这些措施并非孤立存在，而是在石窟群尺度上相互配合，构成了从崖顶到窟内、从阻隔到疏导的立体防水网络。深入研究和借鉴这些传统经验，对于指导当前石窟寺水害治理、贯彻 “整体规划、因地制宜、最小干预” 的现代保护原则具有重要的参考价值。

The water damage caused by humid and rainy environments has become a critical issue threatening the long-term preservation of cave temples in Sichuan and Chongqing. By integrating historical documents and cliff-surface relics, this study systematically reviews the traditional water-control measures adopted during the construction or restoration of cave temples in this region, revealing a scientific and systematic approach to addressing water damage. The research indicates that the core of traditional water-management wisdom lies in the holistic planning adapted to the cliff topography and the combined application of multiple measures. These methods can be categorized into three main types: the first is blocking, which involves constructing protective cave-eave structures, skillfully designing the roof forms of the niches, and digging internal drainage tunnels to physically isolate statues from direct water impact; the second is diversion and drainage, which entails scientifically building intercepting gutters, drainage channels, and underground conduits on the cliff surfaces and floors, both inside and outside the niches, to guide and discharge unintercepted surface runoff and seepage; the third is ingenious utilization, which integrates seepage points that are difficult to eliminate with iconographic themes (such as the Nine Dragons Bathing the Prince) or practical facilities (such as wells), thereby transforming water damage into scenic or functional value. These measures are not applied in isolation but are coordinated on the scale of the entire cave-temple complex, forming a three-dimensional waterproof network that extends from the cliff top to the cave interior, and from blocking to drainage. An in-depth study and reference to these traditional practices offer valuable insights for guiding contemporary conservation of cave temples, particularly in implementing the modern principles of holistic planning, site-specific adaptation, and minimal intervention in water damage management.