The Dazu area is perennially humid, making it conducive to the survival and reproduction of organisms 
such as mold, bacteria, and lichens, which pose serious biological disease problems to the Dazu Rock Carvings. In this study, traditional microbial culture and metagenomic sequencing techniques are used to identify and classify the types of biological diseases in the Reclining Buddha at Baoding Mountain and Xiaofowan, Dazu Rock Carvings, and to investigate and evaluate their damage levels. Laboratory culture and isolation identifies 7 species of molds and bacteria, while molecular-level sequencing identifies as many as 180 known microbial genera, including more than 80 genera of bacteria and over 30 genera of fungi, covering 4 categories: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. To effectively prevent and eradicate microorganisms and thereby reduce their damage to the rock carvings, biological disease control agents are developed and screened through a combination of laboratory verification and application effect evaluation. Continuous observation and testing of the experimental sample areas in the Reclining Buddha at Baoding Mountain and Xiaofowan indicate that the occurrence of biological diseases such as mold, algae, and moss in the experimental group is significantly less than that in the untreated control group. After 6 years of continuous follow-up research, the application effect of the biological disease control agent shows goodefficacy, with an effective duration of up to 3 years, efficiently inhibiting mold, lichens, bacteria, etc, and the inhibitory effect begins to decline after more than 3 years.