The mature application of multispectral imaging technology in the fields of cultural heritage conservation 
and scientific archaeology has provided a novel technical approach for investigating the current condition of murals. This method facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the original state of murals, broadens the scope of mural studies, and enriches the sources of related research materials. This paper focuses on the application of multispectral imaging in the investigation of the Transformation Tableau of the Sutra of Repaying Kindness on the north wall of the main chamber of Cave 31 at the Mogao Grottoes. It systematically discusses the underlying principles, equipment configuration, imaging methodology, and practical effects of this approach.