The more than 70-year history of grottoes conservation in China has witnessed the pivotal role of technological advancements in guiding the preservation and utilization of these sites, which has fundamentally enhanced our theoretical and technical innovation capabilities in the field of grottoes protection. The complexity of grottoes protection and the diversity of environment requires not only the involvement of multiple disciplines, but also the systematic establishment of methods and techniques for preserving materiality and maintaining culture, so as to form a comprehensive, systematic and multidisciplinary theoretical and technical system of grottoes protection. The importance that the government places on the protection technology of the cultural relics and the implementation of major science and technology projects, such as the “National Science and Technology Innovation Center for Cultural Heritage”, makes it possible to achieve this goal.