As essential part of the religious branch of archaeology in China, Buddhist archaeology confronts three challenges in the course of systematization. The first one is to gradually build up Buddhist archaeology as a discipline with complete disciplinary, academic and discourse systems both to international standard and with Chinese characteristics. The second is to establish the typological system of cultural areas for Buddhist archaeology. The third is to nurture subdisciplines of Buddhist archaeology as an interdisciplinary science. After the century-long development, the Chinese archaeology from time to time requires an retrospect of what Buddhist archaeology has already achieved until now and an outlook of where it will go in the future. In the course of bolstering cultural self-confidence and developing a modern Chinese civilization for a new era, this must be of great significance for developing archaeology with Chinese features, style and ethos.