In Mogao Grottoes, there is an Illustrations of the Vimalakirti Sutra on the upper part of the north and south sides of the west wall of Cave 420 of the Sui Dynasty. Manjusri Bodhisattva on the south and Vimalakirti on the north are seated separately in the center of their own hall that has a gable-and-hip roof (xieshan ding), and down below each hall is a horizontally unfolded lotus pond tableau. In the ponds, there are not only lotus, waterfowl and children coming out of lotus flowers, but also fish, strange rocks, water plants and aquatic organisms. It's rare to see such “lotus pond tableau” in similar Illustrations of the Vimalakirti Sutra in the Sui Dynasty. Moreover, it's quite special when compared to other tableaux of lotus pond in the Dunhuang Grottoes. Apart from its style of the Southern Dynasty and the Central Plains, these two lotus pond tableaux also incorporate elements from India, the Western Regions and even Egypt. It bears witness to the exchange and integration among diversified cultures of Cave 420, and is also one of the main examples of developing paintings themed by lotus pond in the history of flower-and-bird paintings in China.