大部分石窟和石质古建筑的结构失稳是由于关键受力构件在长期风化作用下,力学性质不断降低、稳定性逐渐降低造成的。关键受力构件的稳定性和失稳演化过程与其受力条件和风化作用下力学性质的劣化规律密切相关。本文在此类石窟和石质古建筑稳定性、耐久性研究中涉及的主要问题（包括石质构件风化深度及风化层力学参数确定方法、风化层内力学参数随深度的变化规律、风化深度随时间的变化规律、稳定性和耐久性评价方法等）研究现状总结的基础上,探讨了上述主要问题的解决途径。以义乌宋代古月桥稳定性、耐久性研究为例,简要介绍了上述问题的解决方法。文中所述方法对石窟和石质古建筑稳定性、耐久性研究具有参考意义。

The structural instability of grottoes and stone heritage buildings is mostly attributed to the decline in mechanical properties and stability of their key load-bearing components under long-term weathering effects. The stability and the evolution process of instability of these structures are closely related to the stress conditions of the key load-bearing components and the deterioration patterns of their mechanical properties due to weathering. Based on a comprehensive review of the research status on the main problems involved in the stability and durability studies of such grottoes and ancient stone architectures (including the weathering depth of stone components and the determination method of mechanical parameters of weathering layer, the variation law of mechanical parameters with depth in weathering layer, the variation law of weathering depth with time, the evaluation method of stability and durability, etc.), this paper systematically explores potential solutions to address these key scientific and technical challenges. Solutions to the aforementioned problems are briefly introduced through a case study of the stability and durability of the Guyue Bridge in Yiwu built in the Song Dynasty. The methods presented in this article have reference significance for the research on the stability and durability of grottoes and ancient stone architectures.